Unit 16 Social and personal

一、目标与要求<= /span>

1.词汇=

affect = &nb= sp; = vt. 影响 = &nb= sp; = &nb= sp; （理解）

link &n= bsp; = ; &n= bsp; vt. 连接；联系 = &nb= sp; = （理解）

network = ; &n= bsp; = ; n. 网络系统 = &nb= sp; = &nb= sp; （理解）

code &n= bsp; = ; &n= bsp; n. 代码；代号 = &nb= sp; = （理解）

unit &n= bsp; = ; &n= bsp; n. 单位 = &nb= sp; = &nb= sp; （理解）

preparation &= nbsp; &nbs= p; = n. 准备 = &nb= sp; = &nb= sp; （理解）

workmate &nbs= p; &= nbsp; &nbs= p; n 工友；同事 = &nb= sp; = = （理解）

tourism = ; &n= bsp; = ; n. 旅游业；观光业 = &nb= sp; = （理解）

wartime = ; &n= bsp; = ; n. 战时 = &nb= sp; = &nb= sp; （理解）

fun-loving &n= bsp; = ; &n= bsp; adj. 爱开玩笑的 = &nb= sp; = （理解）

easy-going &n= bsp; = ; <= /span>adj. 随和的，轻松的 = &nb= sp; （理解）

energetic &nb= sp; = &nb= sp; adj. 精力旺盛的 = &nb= sp; = （理解）

independent &= nbsp; &nbs= p; adj. 独立的，有主见௚= 0; = &nb= sp; （理解）

show somebody around &nbs= p; &= nbsp; 领某人参观 = &nb= sp; = （理解）

have a gift for &nb= sp; = &nb= sp; 对……有天赋 = &nb= sp; = （理解）

so long as &n= bsp; = ; &n= bsp; 只要 &= nbsp; &nbs= p; &= nbsp; &nbs= p; （理解）

Ered Pearson = &nb= sp; （人名）弗雷德= ·皮尔逊 = &nb= sp; （理解）

Marty &= nbsp; &nbs= p; &= nbsp; （人名）马蒂（= 男名） = &nb= sp; （理解）

Janice = &nb= sp; = （人名）詹尼斯= （女名） = &nb= sp; （理解）

2．交际用语和句= 型

能用= 下列用语向人道歉。

I’m sorry … 　我抱歉……

I apologize … 　我道歉……

Please excuse me …　请原谅……

I’m afraid … 我恐怕……

I shouldn’t … 我不应该……

I ought to … 我应该…= 230;

What a shame! 真不巧！真遗憾= ！

能用= 下列用语对他人表示= 5845;解。

That’s nothing. &nb= sp; 没事。

Never mind. &= nbsp; &nbs= p; 别介意。

It’s not important. = ; 这并不重要。<= /p>

It doesn’t matter. = 不碍事。

That’s all right/OK.&nbs= p; 好吧，没事儿。=

Don’t worry. = &nb= sp; 不用担心。

Forget it. &n= bsp; = ; 别放在心上。<= /p>

3．语法

复习被动&#= 35821;态的用法，即掌握ŝ= 87;动语态的构成、基本= 句型和用法，了解英= 7721;被动语法的不同。

The injured were allowed home after treatment at the local hos= pital.

所有伤者经过当= 地医院的治疗，都可= 0197;回家了。

The book was first published in 1930.

这本书的首版是= 在1930年。=

The picture was painted by a very good friend of mine whom I&#= 8217;d love to have you meet sometime.

这幅画是我的一位ƃ= 50;常好的朋友画的。我= 很想抽时间让你们见= 5265;面。

二、重点难= ;点分析

[基础知识]

课文讲解

（1）PART-TIME JOBS &nb= sp; 做零活

part-time在这= 儿是复合形容词，解= 7322;“非全日的，兼职的= ;，兼任的”。例如：

a part-time teacher = ; &n= bsp; 一位兼职教师<= /p>

part-time与<= span lang=3DEN-US>full-time相对= 应。full-time解释= “全日的，专职的”z= 90;例如；

a full-time teacher = ; <= /span>专职教师

part-time也可= 以作副词。例如：

Mr. Cook teaches part-time in our school.

库克先生在我们= 学校兼课。

（2）Fred Pearson was walking through the university town of Oxford one morning in 19= 61.

1961年的= 一个上午，弗雷德·= 0382;尔逊正在走过牛津࣪= 3;学城。

Oxford是英= 格兰中南部牛津郡（Oxfordshire）的= 一个主要城镇，是英= 2269;牛津大学（Oxford University）的= 所在地。该大学创建= 0110;1167年，= 是世界闻名的一所大= 3398;。

（3）As Fred was going in t= he same direction, he walked along with the tourist.

因为弗雷德正是= 去同一个方向，所以= 0182;就同这位游客一道ฤ= 8;。

词组in the directi= on (of) 的意思是&#= 8220;朝……方向”。根据&= #38656;要，direction前还= 可以加形容词，如in the same direction（朝相同方向），in the different direction（朝不同方向），in the opposite direction（朝相反方向）等z= 90;例如：

In which direction does the river run? = &nb= sp; 这条河流向哪个= 方向？

He walked hastily in the direction of the railway station. 他急急忙忙朝火= 车站走去。

I saw a police officer was coming in our direction. &= nbsp; 我看见一位警官= 朝我们走来。

（= 4）They spent a full and = very enjoyable morning together, and Fred discovered that he had a gift for maki= ng a visit interesting and lively.

他们= 在一起度过了一个充= 3454;而又非常愉快的上ࡔ= 0;，弗雷德从中发现自&= #24049;具有导游的才能，!= 021;够使游览变得生动活= ;泼，饶有风趣。

句中的gift是可= 数名词，作“秉赋”z= 89;“天生的才能”解，&#= 24120;用于“have a gift for ”结&= #26500;，意思是“有……的= ;才能”。例如：

She has a gift for music. = ; &n= bsp; 她有音乐天才。=

I have no gift for painting.&n= bsp; = ; 我没有绘画的才= 能。

Mother has a gift for making guests feel at home. &= nbsp; 母亲有使客人觉= 得无拘无束的才能。

He was a man of excellent gifts. &= nbsp; &nbs= p; 他是一位极有天= 赋的人。

（5）Fred realized that he had discovered an interesting and enjoyable way of making money.

弗雷德意识到他= 找到了一条有趣又愉= 4555;的挣钱办法了。

make money解释为“挣钱（earn money）”&= #65292;我们不能望文生义A= 292;理解为造币。造币的= ;英语应该是mint，如= mint five-cent pieces（铸造面值五分的ů= 41;币）。

（= 6）He passed his exams, a= nd even better, when he left university he had earned enough money to start his own business.

他通过了考试，= 而比这更好的是，当= 0182;毕业时，他已经赚ࣩ= 5;了一笔钱可以自己开&= #20844;司了。

and even better可以= 解释为“更好的是”ʌ= 92;用来连接两个句子。= 例如：

The team won the game, and even better, it has an entry to Cla= ss A.

该队赢了这场比= 赛，更好的是，它进= 0837;了甲级队。

（7）They value someone who= leads an active life and is anxious to learn.

他们器重那种生= 活活跃而又渴望学习= 0340;人。

句中的value是及= 物动词，作“珍视”z= 89;“器重”解。例如：

You should value the advice of your teacher. = 你应当重视老师= 的劝告。

Don’t you see how he values your opinion? &= nbsp; 你难道没有看到= 他是多么重视你的意= 5265;吗？

We’d better value the friendship between us. &= nbsp; 我们最好还是珍= 视我们之间的友谊。

value用作= 名词，作“价值”解z= 90;如本课课文第三段末= 尾的句子：

We should learn the value of money, and learn how many hours&#= 8217; work has to be done before we can buy something. 我们应当了解金ໞ= 5;的价值，应当了解需&= #35201;劳动多少小时才能= 080;回某件物品。

又如：

Most parents know the value of a good education. &= nbsp; 多数父母懂得良= 好教育的价值。

Your ideas have little value.&= nbsp; &nbs= p; &= nbsp; &nbs= p; 你的想法没什么= 价值。

（8）It’s a part-time= job, so I only work evenings. &= nbsp; &nbs= p; 这是一件零活，= 所以我只在晚上做。

evenings相当= 于副词，意思是“每= 825;晚上；晚上一般都…= …”。例如：

I’ve got to work evenings. &= nbsp; 我必须每天晚上= 工作。

I’m always at home evenings. 晚上我一般都在= 家。

（9）Or possibly I should have gone to the manager and told him who was stealing me= at.

也许我早就该去= 找经理，告诉他是谁= 2312;偷肉。

①②<= !--[if supportFields]> 句中的possibly作<= span lang=3DEN-US>perhaps解。= 又如：

Possibly I’ll go with you tomorrow. 也许明天我会和= 你一起去。

（10）It is quite possible that the thief might put some meat in you= r bag, hoping you will be caught and called a thief.

很可能这个小偷= 会把肉放进你的包里= 5292;希望人们抓住你，ࡤ= 3;你小偷。

这是一个复合句= ，用了it作主句的&#= 24418;式主语，“that the thief might put … bag,”是真正主语，后= ;跟v-ing形式= 短语（hoping …），= 其中包括一个宾语从= 1477;：“（that）<= span lang=3DEN-US>you will be caught and called a thief.”这个-ing形式= 短语在句中用作状语= 5292;修饰谓语动词might put，表= 示伴随动作。这个句= 3376;可以改写如下：

Possibly, the thief might put some meat in your bag and hope y= ou will be caught and called a thief.

这类表示伴随动= 作或状态的v-ing形式= 短语，大部分放在句= 3376;的后面。例如：

I telephoned him instead of writing a letter, hoping I would g= et an immediate answer.

我给他打电话而= 不是写信，希望能立= 1363;得到答复。

The children reviewed their lessons in the classroom, reading, writing or listening to the tape.

孩子们在教室里= 复习功课、读书、写= 3383;或听录音。

The manager sat in his office, thinking how to stop stealing.<= /span>

经理坐在办公室= 里，思考着如何才能= 1046;止偷窃行为。

v-ing形式= 短语也可放在句子的= 1069;面，即放在主语的࠺= 9;面，与谓语动词一起&= #34920;示先后发生的动作= 290;例如：

Putting on warm coats, they rushed out of the door. 他们披上暖和的外ŝ= 15;就匆忙地出了房门。=

Taking a taxi, we hurried to the airport. = 我们坐上出租车= ，就匆忙赶赴机场。

（11）In my personal opinion= , you should have done this as soon as you found out he was stealing.

依我个人的意见= ，你一发现他在偷东= 5199;就该向经理报告。

这是一个&#= 22797;合句。主语是you should have done this，承接上文，意思ą= 59;you should have reported this to the manager immediately。后接一个时间= 状语从句as soon as you found out he was stealing，其中you fo= und out后的宾语&#= 26159;省略了从属连词that的宾= 语从句。

（12）There is no doubt abou= t the correct thing to do.

对该做的正确的= 事情，不要有什么顾= 4385;。

There is no doubt about … 是一个固定的表๟= 8;法，意思是：“对于&#= 8230;…没有怀疑/疑虑”。= 0363;如：

There is no doubt about it.&nb= sp; = = 这是无可置疑的= 。

There is little doubt about what he said. 他说的话是没有什È= 40;可怀疑的。

上述句中&#= 30340;doubt都是= 名词，后跟介词about，也= 可以跟短语介词as so（关= 于），或跟that从句= 。例如：

There is no doubt as to the truth of the story. &= nbsp; 故事的真实性无= 可置疑。

There can be no doubt as to their honesty. = 他们的诚实是毋= 庸置疑的。

There is no doubt that he is a thief. = &nb= sp; 他是小偷，这一= 点毫无疑问。

There is little doubt that our team will win. = 我们球队将会取= 胜，我们已经十拿九= 1283;。

doubt前面= 加no（= no doubt）的意思&#= 26159;“肯定地，想必”，= ;相当于副词，修饰后&#= 38754;句子。例如：

No doubt I learned a lot from that lecture.

从那次讲座，我= 肯定学到许多东西。

另外，doubt除作= 名词外，还可以作动= 5789;。例如：

I doubt the truth of the report. 我怀疑报告的真= 实性。

I don’t doubt what he said. = 我相信他的话。=

I doubt whether he will come.&= nbsp; 我怀疑他是否会= 来。

（13）I think the best thing you should do now is look for another job and hope tha= t it will turn out better.

我认为你现在最= 该做的事是再找一份= 4037;作，希望结果会好ߌ= 8;些。

①②①②③①②③④①④⑤III．阅读理&#= 35299;

A

It was 3:45 in the morning when the vote was finally taken. After six months of arguing an= d a final 16 hours of hot parliamentary (国会的) debates, Australia’s Northern Territory became the fir= st legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die. The measure was passed by the convincing (令人信服的) vote of 15 to 10. Almost immediately word flashed on the Int= ernet and was picked up, half a world away, by John Hofsess, executive director of the Right to Die Society of Canada. He sent it on via the group’s on-= line service, Death NET. Says Hofsess：“We posted bulletins all day long, because of course this isn’t just something t= hat happened in Australia. It’s world history.”

The full import may take a while to sink in. The NT Right of the Terminally Ill law has left physicians and citizens alike tryi= ng to deal with its moral and practical implications (暗示). Some have breathed sighs of relief; others, including churches, right-to-life groups = and the Australian Medical Association, bitterly attacked the bill and the hast= e of its passage. But the tide is unlikely to turn back. In Australia — where an aging populat= ion, life-extending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their part — = other states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia (= 安乐死). In = the U.S. and <= st1:place w:st=3D"on">Canada, where the right-to-die movement is gathering strength, observers are waiting for the dominoes to s= tart falling.

Under the new Northern Territory law, an adult patient can request death-probably by a deadly injection or pill-to put an end to suffering. The patient must be diagnosed as terminally ill by two doctors. After a “cooling off” period of seven days, the patient can sign a certificate of request. After 48 hours the wish for death can be met. For L= loyd Nickson, a 54-year-old Darwin resident suffering from lung cancer, the NT Rights of Terminally Ill law means he can get on with living without the haunting fear of his suffering：a terrifying death from his breathing condition. “I̵= 7;m not afraid of dying from a spiritual point of view, but what I was afraid of was how I’d go, because I’ve watched people die in the hospital fighting for oxygen clawing at their masks,” he says.

41. From the second paragraph we learn that ______.

A. the objection to euthanasia is diminishing in some countrie= s

B. physicians and citizens have the same view on euthanasia

C. technological changes and chiefly responsible for the new l= aw

D. it takes time to appreciate the significance of laws passed=

42. By saying that “observers are waiting for the domino= es to start falling”, the author means that ______.

A. observers are taking a wait-and-see attitude towards the fu= ture of euthanasia

B. there is a possibility of similar bills being passed in the= U.S. and <= st1:place w:st=3D"on">Canada

C. observers are waiting to see the movement end up in failure=

D. the process of the bill taking effect may finally come to a= stop

43. When Lloyd Nickson is close to death, he will ______.

A. undergo a cooling off period of seven days.

B. experience the suffering of a lung cancer patient.

C. have an intense fear of terrible suffering.

D. face his death with the calm characteristic of euthanasia.<= span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>

44. What is the author’s attitude towards euthanasia?

A. Hostile (怀敌= 意). B. Suspicious. &n= bsp; C. Approving. &nb= sp; D. Indifferent (不关心).

45. We can infer from the text that the success of the right-t= o-die movement is ______.

A. only a matter of time = &nb= sp; = B. far from certain

C. just an illusion = ; &n= bsp; = ; &n= bsp; D. a fading hope

B

In the first year or so of Web business, most of t= he action has revolved around efforts to tap the consumer market. More recentl= y, as the Web proved to be more than a fashion, companies have started to buy = and sell products and services with one another. Such business-to-business sales make sense because businesspeople typically know what product they’re looking for.

Nonetheless (然而), any companies still hesitate to use the Web because of doub= ts about its reliability. “Businesses need to feel they can trust the pathway between them and the supplier,” says senior analyst Blane Erw= in Forrester Research. Some companies are limiting the risk by conducting onli= ne transactions (交易= ) only with established business partners who are given access= (路径) to the company’s private intranet.

Another major shift (手段) in the model for Internet commerce concerns the technology available for marketing. Until recently, Internet marketing activities have focused on strategies to“pull”customers into si= tes. In the past year, however, software companies to“push”information directly out to consumers, transmitting marketing messages directly to targ= eted customers. Most notably, the Pointcast Network uses a screen saver to deliv= er a continually updated stream of news and advertisements to subscribers’= (订户) computer mon= itors. Subscribers can customize the information they want to receive and proceed directly to a company’s Web site. Companies such as Virtual Vineyards= are already starting to use similar technologies to push messages to customers about special sales, product offerings, or other events. But push technology has earned the contempt of many Web users. Online culture thinks highly of = the notion that the information flowing onto the screen comes there by specific request. Once commercial promotion begins to fill the screen uninvited, the distinction between the Web and television fades. That’s a prospect t= hat horrifies Net purists.

But it is hardly inevitable that companies on the = Web will need to resort to push strategies to make money. The examples of Virtu= al Vineyards, Amaxon. com, and other pioneers show that a Web site selling the right kind of products with the right mix of interactivity (互动常式), hospitality (殷勤), and security will attract online customers. And the cost of computing power continues to free fall, which is a good sign for any enterp= rise setting up shop in silicon. People looking back 5 or 10 years from now may = well wonder why so few companies took the online plunge.

46. We learn from the beginning of the text that Web business ______.

A. has been striving to expand its market

B. intended to follow a fanciful fashion

C. tried but in vain to control the market

D. has been booming for one year or so

47. Speaking of the online technology available for marketing,= the author implies that ______.

A. the technology is popular with many Web users

B. businesses have faith in the reliability of online transact= ions

C. there is a radical change in strategy

D. it is accessible limitedly to established partners

48. In the view of Net purists, ______.

A. pushing information on the Web is essential to Internet com= merce.

B. interactivity, hospitality and security are important to on= line customers.

C. leading companies began to take the online plunge decades a= go.

D. setting up shops in silicon is independent of the cost of computing power.

39. We learn from the last paragraph that ______.

A. pushing information on the Web is essential to Internet com= merce

B. interactivity, hospitality and security are important to on= line customers

C. leading companies began to take the online plunge decades a= go

D. setting up shops in silicon is independent of the cost of computing power

40. The purpose of the author in writing the text is to ______= .

A. urge active participation in online business

B. elaborate on various marketing strategies.

C. compare web business with traditional commerce

D. ill= ustrate the transition from the pull to push strategy

[答案]：

41. — 45 DBDCA 46. —50 ACDBA

IV. 书面表达

某公司招&#= 32856;外语人才。假如你ą= 59;李强，英文名：Black，前= 去应聘，外方代表要= 7714;你用英语自我介绍Ӎ= 0;请你写一篇自我介绍&= #65292;包括如下内容：

1．中学毕&#= 19994;后，一直在一家工Õ= 78;工作；

2．喜欢英&#= 35821;，一直在业余时间Ō= 58;学英语，经过几年的= 努力学习已经取得很= 2823;进步；

3．现在能&#= 21644;外宾流利交谈，去ñ= 80;翻译了一些有关电子= 方面的说明书；

4．若能录&#= 29992;，相信一定能把工Ë= 16;做好。

注意：不&#= 35201;直接翻译；词数在100左右= 。

[答案]：

One possible version<= /span>

Dear Manager,

I have learned from a newspaper that some workers = who know a foreign language are needed in your company. I’m glad to ask f= or the job.

I’m Li Qiang and my friends always call me B= lack, my English name. I have been working in a factory after I graduated from mi= ddle school. I like English. I’ve continued teaching myself English in my spare time. So I have made great progress after few years’ hard work,= and now I can talk with foreigners freely in English. Last year I translated so= me instructions about electric products and won a high praise.

If I am offered the job, I’ll do my best. I = hope to receive your reply as soon as possible.

Yours truly,=

Li Qi= ang